Nga Nora Ahmetaj
\nGAZETAR\u00cbT NUK DUHET T’I IKIN \u00c7\u00cbSHTJES S\u00cb ND\u00cbRLIKUAR T\u00cb DREJT\u00cbSIS\u00cb TRANZICIONALE<\/p>\n
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Gjat\u00eb ver\u00ebs s\u00eb vitit 2013, Qendra p\u00ebr Hulumtim, Dokumentim dhe Publikim (CRDP) organizoi pun\u00ebtorin\u00eb Mediat dhe Drejt\u00ebsia Tranzicionale, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 15 gazetar\u00eb diskutuan lidhur me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr arsyesh pse mediat ngurrojn\u00eb t\u00eb merren me temat e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb tranzicionale si dhe me ato t\u00eb ballafaqimit me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn.<\/p>\n
Ballafaqimi me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces qe zhvillohet pas konflikteve e luftrave i cili synon t\u2019i rim\u00ebk\u00ebmb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb e rraskapitura nga lufta dhe t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb paqe t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme, duke rehabilituar viktima, duke luftuar pand\u00ebshkueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe duke rivendosur sundimin e ligjit. Drejt\u00ebsia tranzicionale thirret n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr masash t\u00eb karakterit ligjor dhe joligjor t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb zbatuar nga vendet e ndryshme me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb adresimit t\u00eb pasojave t\u00eb abuzimeve masive t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut. T\u00eb dy konceptet jan\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme; arsyeja pse parap\u00eblqejm\u00eb ta p\u00ebrdorim konceptin e ballafaqimit me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb se e dim\u00eb nga ku fillon \u2014 menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb konfliktit \u2014 por nuk e dim\u00eb ku p\u00ebrfundon. Po flasim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Roli i mediave n\u00eb form\u00ebsimin e opinionit publik dhe t\u00eb perceptimit t\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb, t\u00eb drejtave dhe demokracis\u00eb ka ndikim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb proceset e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb tranzicionale. Megjithat\u00eb, gazetar\u00ebt shpesh nuk trajnohen sa duhet n\u00eb lidhje me ndjeshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e cila nevojitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuar n\u00eb dialogun social sa i p\u00ebrket k\u00ebtyre \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve, apo nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr potencialin e tyre p\u00ebr t\u2019i promovuar mekanizmat e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb tranzicionale n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb konferenc\u00eb duket se doli n\u00eb pah pik\u00ebpamja se ballafaqimi me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn dhe drejt\u00ebsia tranzicionale jan\u00eb tema tejet t\u00eb specializuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb raportoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm ndonj\u00eb gazetar i specializuar; dhe ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb. Ka t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pohim. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 p\u00ebrgatitjes profesionale, gazetari duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb hulumtues i shkatht\u00eb me pasion p\u00ebr tema q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me ballafaqimin me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn. Gazetar\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u2019i sfidojn\u00eb e t\u2019i tejkalojn\u00eb politikat e tyre redaktoriale.<\/p>\n
Sidoqoft\u00eb, interesat financiare t\u00eb pronar\u00ebve t\u00eb mediave paraqesin penges\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrcjelljen e rasteve t\u00eb ndjeshme, apo rasteve q\u00eb mund t\u2019i d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebt e lart\u00eb. P\u00ebrcjellja e rasteve t\u00eb tilla mund ta d\u00ebmtoj\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb financiare t\u00eb mediumit duke ndikuar n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e atij mediumi me akter\u00ebt ky\u00e7\u00eb t\u00eb biznesit dhe t\u00eb komunitetit politik, apo duke ia zvog\u00ebluar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb t\u2019u shes\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb reklamuese institucioneve publike.<\/p>\n
Pas luft\u00ebs s\u00eb armatosur n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1999, dhe si rezultat i p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb donator\u00ebve ta shtyjn\u00eb p\u00ebrpara gazetarin\u00eb hulumtuese, u zhvillua nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje se kjo lloj gazetarie duhet t\u00eb fokusohet n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e korrupsionit apo t\u00eb sundimit t\u00eb ligjit dhe jo n\u00eb drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb penale. Kjo lloj gazetarie duket jot\u00ebrheq\u00ebse p\u00ebr hulumtim. E gjith\u00eb kjo gjendje p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet edhe m\u00eb tej nga mungesa e gjith\u00ebmbarshme e interesave personale t\u00eb gazetar\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u2019u marr\u00eb me \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb ndjeshme dhe raste t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara t\u00eb cilat mund t\u2019i hasin n\u00eb proceset e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb tranzicionale, sidomos duke pasur parasysh natyr\u00ebn joatraktive t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre rasteve.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, hulumtimi i \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb tranzicionale dhe t\u00eb ballafaqimit me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn k\u00ebrkon koh\u00eb dhe mund. P\u00ebr media t\u00eb ndryshme kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se gazetar\u00ebt do t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. Nj\u00eb pun\u00eb e till\u00eb bart ngarkesa financiare, sidomos kur flasim p\u00ebr mediat t\u00eb cilat, p\u00ebr arsye financiare, mb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb nj\u00eb gazetar t\u00eb vet\u00ebm i cili mbulon nj\u00eb varg seksionesh. N\u00eb praktik\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me familjet e viktimave, nevojitet t\u00eb investohet koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb besimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb \u2014 praktik\u00eb e cila p\u00ebr disa sosh \u00ebsht\u00eb luks i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. N\u00eb drit\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, gazetar\u00ebt shpesh ballafaqohen me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi kur takohen me viktimat, me familjet e tyre, dhe kur nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb besim nd\u00ebrmjet tyre.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb penges\u00eb shtes\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb ngurrimi i gazetar\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb hulumtuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb frik\u00ebs nga c\u00ebnimi i barazpesh\u00ebs s\u00eb mbulueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs, duke prezantuar narrativa t\u00eb viktimave kundrejt agresor\u00ebve n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis t\u00eb polarizuar t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs s\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb, ata gazetar\u00eb mund t\u00eb etiketohen si tradhtar\u00eb dhe ta v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik sigurin\u00eb e tyre. Poashtu ka munges\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb gazetar\u00ebve t\u00eb cil\u00ebt mblulojn\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb ndjeshme. Nj\u00eb pyetje tjet\u00ebr e cila duhet parashtruar k\u00ebtu ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me p\u00ebrgatitjen e mediave dhe t\u00eb gazetar\u00ebve vendor\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u marr\u00eb me rastet gjithnj\u00eb n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb cilat trajtohon n\u00ebp\u00ebr gjykata vendore.<\/p>\n
Prokurori special Besim Kelmendi, n\u00eb po k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00ebtori t\u00eb organizuar nga CRDP-ja n\u00eb vitin 2013, vuri n\u00eb pah \u00e7\u00ebshtje n\u00eb lidhje me qasjen e mediave n\u00eb gjyq\u00ebsor kur flasim p\u00ebr rastet e krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs. Gazetar\u00ebve iu paraqit nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje organesh gjyq\u00ebsore n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb t\u00eb cilat merren me krimet e luft\u00ebs, si dhe nj\u00eb shpjegim n\u00eb lidhje me pengesat kryesore n\u00eb ndjekjen penale t\u00eb rasteve t\u00eb tilla. K\u00ebto pengesa kishin t\u00eb b\u00ebnin me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb n\u00eb grumbullmin e provave, n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimin me Republik\u00ebn e Serbis\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb statusit politik, mbrojtjen e d\u00ebshmitar\u00ebve si dhe me presionin e gjith\u00ebmbarsh\u00ebm q\u00eb ushtrohet ndaj gjyq\u00ebsorit.<\/p>\n
Prokurori Kelmendi theksoi r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e mediave n\u00eb form\u00ebsimin e opinionit publik dhe n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtimin e miteve t\u00eb rrejshme, si dhe n\u00eb ndikimin e tyre n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e gjyq\u00ebsorit. Portretizimi i krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb etiketimin e kriminel\u00ebve si \u201cpatriot\u00eb\u201d apo \u201ctradhtar\u00eb\u201d. Ky problem v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsohet edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga nj\u00eb praktik\u00eb e shpeshte ku avokat\u00ebt shkojne tek mediat p\u00ebr t\u2019i publikuar rastet e tyre, derisa prokuror\u00ebt nuk mund ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb politikave t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve me publikun.<\/p>\n
Gjithashtu, prokuror\u00ebt ballafaqohen me gjasat e nd\u00ebrhyrjes politike, q\u00eb l\u00eb p\u00ebrshtypjen se d\u00ebshtimi n\u00eb plot\u00ebsimin e k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb caktuara mund t\u2019u kushtoj\u00eb me humbje t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Si\u00e7 nxjerr n\u00eb pah raporti i CRDP-s\u00eb i vitit 2013 i titulluar Beteja n\u00eb t\u00eb Gjitha Frontet, me fuqin\u00eb e tyre n\u00eb formi\u00ebsimin e diskursit publik dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si e shohim t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, gazetar\u00ebt an\u00ebmban\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb shtyjn\u00eb p\u00ebrpara mbulimin dhe debatimin e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve q\u00eb kan\u00eb lidhje me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn ton\u00eb kolektive \u2014 jo vet\u00ebm krimet e luft\u00ebs ngase jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e korniz\u00ebs s\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb tranzicionale, por edhe rr\u00ebfimet nga jeta reale e atyre q\u00eb jan\u00eb prekur nga lufta.<\/p>\n
Duke marr\u00eb parasysh faktin se nj\u00eb gjykat\u00eb e re speciale n\u00eb Hag\u00eb s\u00eb shpejti do t\u00eb filloj\u00eb pun\u00ebn n\u00eb lidhje me rastet e krimeve t\u00eb kryera gjat\u00eb dhe menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, gazetar\u00ebt kosovar\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhen m\u00eb serioz\u00eb. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ata nuk duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohen vet\u00ebm n\u00eb komuikata p\u00ebr shtyp; p\u00ebrkundrazi, ndryshe nga rastet e gjykimeve dhe vendimeve t\u00eb Gjykat\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr Krime t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs n\u00eb ish Jugosllavi, gazetar\u00ebt duhet t\u2019i p\u00ebrm\u00ebrsojn\u00eb shkatht\u00ebsit\u00eb e tyre profesionale dhe interpretuese n\u00eb analizimin e vendimeve dhe normave nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare si dhe implikimeve t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n
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