{"id":186690,"date":"2021-05-20T14:34:03","date_gmt":"2021-05-20T13:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.recom.link\/?p=186690"},"modified":"2021-05-25T12:23:45","modified_gmt":"2021-05-25T11:23:45","slug":"the-kosovo-specialist-court-and-transitional-justice-public-perceptions-on-the-ksc-and-the-need-for-a-comprehensive-tj-approach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.recom.link\/en\/the-kosovo-specialist-court-and-transitional-justice-public-perceptions-on-the-ksc-and-the-need-for-a-comprehensive-tj-approach\/","title":{"rendered":"The Kosovo Specialist Court and Transitional Justice: Public perceptions on the KSC and the  need for a comprehensive TJ approach"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Integra PAX:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/paxforpeace.nl\/media\/download\/The_Kosovo_Specialist_Court_and_Transitional_Justice_PAX_Integra.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kosovo Specialist Court and Transitional Justice: Public perceptions on the KSC and the need for a comprehensive TJ approach<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"ltr\">T<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">he Kosovo Specialist Chambers and Specialist prosecutor\u2019s Office (\u2018Kosovo Specialist <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">Court\u2019), set up in 2015, is the most recent mechanism to adjudicate war crimes and <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">crimes against humanity related to the Kosovo War of 1998-1999. Most efforts to <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">deal with the wartime past in Kosovo have focused on war crimes prosecution, without <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">investing much in other transitional justice mechanisms to support society to move <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">towards a more peaceful future. Previous international courts, and domestic courts in both <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">Kosovo and Serbia, only managed to prosecute a relatively small number of serious crimes. <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">As a result, they did not live up to expectations of many victims and did not do much <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">to restore trust in justice processes amongst citizens. Worse, in both Kosovo and Serbia <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">acquitted suspects or convicted perpetrators are regarded as heroes and many managed to <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">stay or return to political power positions. On both sides, the political nationalist discourse <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">is framed to a great extent by this wartime past which defines exclusive victim and <\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"ltr\"><strong>perpetrator narratives.<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"ltr\">The Kosovo Specialist Court was created in a response to serious allegations that the leadership of <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">the former Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), most of whom turned politicians after the war, had been <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">involved in serious crimes against Serbs, other minorities and Albanian opponents. The KSC functions <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">within the Kosovo judicial system but incorporates international humanitarian law and operates <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">fully independent. The decision to establish this separate hybrid judicial entity has been subject of <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">much criticism and was not just a legal or human rights consideration but also a political one: with <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">Kosovo on the EU accession list, the EU had to support investigating these serious allegations, after <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">the earlier EU-supported rule of law mechanisms in Kosovo had avoided going after the \u2018big fish\u2019. <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">The alleged crimes deserve to be criminally investigated and prosecuted so justice is served to the <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">victims. However, the design of the KSC failed on an important aspect: it only looks into the crimes <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">allegedly committed by one party to the conflict. Its limited mandate to only prosecute crimes related <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">to the KLA is the main issue for the KSC to be accepted by a broad section of Kosovo society. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"ltr\">After relative quiet years since 2015, a new phase for the KSC started in 2020 when the first filings <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">of indictments were announced. To test the public opinion in Kosovo of the KSC, PAX and Integra <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">initiated a public perception survey in September 2020, and compare its findings with the 2017 <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">perception survey which had found little public understanding of the KSC. The 2020 data show that <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">there is still limited understanding in Kosovo of the KSC\u2019s mandate. Among K-Albanians trust in KSC <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">to deliver justice is lowered, while among K-Serbs this increased slightly. This might be related to <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">influence of the ethno-nationalist discourse around the KSC summoning in 2019 and 2020, with the <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">majority of K-Albanians being of the opinion that KSC\u2019s mandate is unfair, while many K-Serbs and <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">K-Others consider it fair. The differences in trust expressed, point to the likelihood that different <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">ethnic groups will view the outcomes of KSC\u2019s trials differently.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"ltr\">The main argument of this report is that the predominant focus on war crimes trials to deal with the <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">violent past in Kosovo has done little to deal with the past at a societal level to progress as a peaceful, <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">inclusive and forward looking society. There has been a lack of investment in other important aspects, <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">such as: truth-seeking and documentation, commemoration, reparations and compensation, as well <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">as recognition and support for all the victims and survivors of the conflict regardless of their identity <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">and status. All these transitional justice dimensions need to be addressed in and by themselves to <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">help Kosovan society move towards a more peaceful future. With its partial mandate, the KSC will not <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">contribute much to this end, except for potentially removing certain political leaders from the system. <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">Whether the KSC can contribute positively in a broader sense, next to providing a measure of justice <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">for victims, will depend on the way it is able to explain its mandate and the court proceedings in a <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">context of polarized politics around it. In light of the current KSC proceedings, it is high time for the <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">Kosovo government and its international supporters to invest in a comprehensive approach to dealing <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">with the past. The final chapter of this report provides recommendations to diverse stakeholders, of <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">which the most important ones are:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"ltr\">THE KOSOVO SPECIALIST COURT<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"ltr\"> should intensify its outreach and public dialogue program in <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">Kosovo, Serbia and other countries in the Western Balkans; re-consider establishing a permanent <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">presence of the Specialist Chambers in Kosovo; ensure timely and effective indictments, trials <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">and judgments in full compliance with the applicable laws; and avoid any suspicion of political <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">influence or prejudice over KSC\u2019s decisions and proceedings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"ltr\">THE KOSOVO GOVERNMENT<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"ltr\"> should take responsibility for the KSC as part of Kosovo\u2019s legal <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">system and cooperate fully to ensure justice is done to the victims; show sincere commitment <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">to the European Commission\u2019s requirement to develop an overarching strategy for transitional <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">justice as part of the EU accession process, by investing in a deliberative infrastructure for <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">dealing with the past (I4DwP) in Kosovo which entails the primacy of victim- and survivor-centred <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">approaches, greater gender equality and sensitivity, and de-ethnicization, depoliticization, and de-<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">personalisation of DwP initiatives. It should also establish a parliamentary committee on dealing <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">with the past with the function to monitor and report on government\u2019s progress. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"ltr\">THE EU AND KEY INTERNATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS IN KOSOVO<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"ltr\"> should support a robust and <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">comprehensive effort for DwP in Kosovo by investing political, bureaucratic and financial resources <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">in promoting a national framework for dealing with the past, so Kosovo can live up to the European <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">Commission\u2019s requirement; monitor Kosovo\u2019s and Serbia\u2019s progress in dealing with the past and <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">inclusive transitional justice practices explicitly, as part of their EU accession process. Also, the <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">EU-facilitated dialogue for normalization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo must address <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">the pressing and outstanding issues for dealing with the past. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"ltr\">CIVIL SOCIETY IN KOSOVO <\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"ltr\">should continue to work with the KSC outreach team to achieve <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">transparent and correct communication and information dissemination to the broader Kosovan <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">society; and work together in a coalition to advancing a citizen-centred and inclusive national <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">strategy for transitional justice in Kosovo, through engagement with diverse victim communities, <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">joint lobby towards the Government and international actors, as well as invest in outreach <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">campaigns that combat nationalist and exclusionary narratives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Author: Kathelijne Schenkel<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Integra PAX: The Kosovo Specialist Court and Transitional Justice: Public perceptions on the KSC and the need for a comprehensive&#8230; ","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":186691,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1781,594],"tags":[3669,3670,3555,1753],"class_list":["post-186690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reports-on-transitional-justice-in-the-former-yugoslavia","category-transitional-justice","tag-integra-pax-2","tag-kathelijne-schenkel-2","tag-kosovo-specialist-chambers","tag-reports"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>- The Kosovo Specialist Court and 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